jueves, 5 de noviembre de 2009

Botany: Fungus. Hongos. Funji: Various 6



Calocera cornea


Calocera viscosa


Calocybe carnea


Caloscypha fulgens


Calvatia pachyderma


Calvatia sculpta

Painter: Burne Jones. Sir Edward. Part 3







A view of the mosaic in St Paul's American Church in Rome. Rome, Italy.


Nymphs of the Stars. 1896. Gouache and gold. The National Museum of Wales. UK

Painter: Bazille Frédéric (1841 - 1870) Part 3

The Heron. 1867. Oil on canvas. Musée Fabre, Montpellier, France.


The Improvised Field-Hospital (Monet after his accident at the Inn of Chailly). 1865.


The Pink Dress. c.1864. Oil on canvas. Musée d'Orsay, Paris, France.


The Terrace at Méric (Oleander). 1867. Oil on canvas. Cincinnati Art Museum, Cincinnati, USA.


Toilet. 1869-1870. Oil on canvas. Musée Fabre, Montpellier, France.


View of the Village of Castelnau-le-Lez. 1868. Oil on canvas. Musée Fabre, Montpellier, France.

Sculpture: Bernini. Cátedra de San Pedro
















Cátedra de San Pedro (1657-1666)

Bernini realiza entre 1651 y 1666 este altar, dentro del cual se encuentra la cátedra de San Pedro. Este se encuentra situado en el ábside principal del Vaticano.

Este se trata de un altar transparente en el que la luz es utilizada como un elemento de la composición. La luz pasa a través de un vitral donde es transformada por el color de éste, configurando la Gloria. En el medio de esta se encuentra una paloma, simbolizando el Espíritu Santo.

Bajo el Espíritu Santo se sitúa la supuesta cátedra de San Pedro, recubierta de bronce con relieves sobredorados. Esta se encuentra ingrávidamente sostenida y custodiada por cuatro figuras colosales de seis metros que representan los Santos Padres de la Iglesia, dos de la iglesia occidental y dos de la oriental.

Este se trata de un monumento de glorificación de la autoridad papal, en contra de la opinión protestante, simbolizando las figuras de los Santos Padres orientales y occidentales la universalidad de papado y la representación del Espíritu Santo la infabilidad de los papas.

Sculpture: Mumuye. Part 1. Africa














The Mumuyes are a people of Nigeria. They constitute the largest tribal group in Taraba State of Nigeria and form the predominant tribes found in Zing, Yorro, Jalingo, Ardo-Kola, Lau, Gassol, Bali and Gashaka, all of which are local government areas of the state. Mumuyes are also widely found in many parts of the neighbouring Adamawa State.

Tradition has it that the Mumuyes migratated from Egypt, but they adhere to traditional African religions as well as Christianity and Islam.


Clic Here Art & Life in Africa on line:

Mumuye Information

Location: Eastern Nigeria
Population: 70,000
Language: Mumuye (Jukun)
Neighboring Peoples: Chamba, Mama, Bata
Types of Art: Until the 1970s most Mumuye sculpture was misattributed to their neighbors the Chamba. Their style is distinctive, assuming a long narrow pole-like style. They also use bush cow masks like those of their neighbors.
History: The Mumuye were pushed into their current locale during the Fulani holy wars, which extended from the 17th century into the early 19th century. Along with their neighbors, with whom they have much in common, they fled southwards into the hills of eastern Nigeria where they divided into small communities that remained relatively isolated from one another. The Benue River Valley had very little to offer to Europeans in terms of natural resources, and so they remained relatively isolated from colonialist enterprise.
Economy: Mumuye are farmers, although the soil in this area is not exceptionally fertile. During the dry season from October to March nothing can be grown on the desolate scrub-like land. Millet is the staple crop in the region and is used to make flour and beer. The uncertainty of harvests in this region have led to the development of various prayers and offerings that are made during both planting and harvesting cycles in hopes of increasing the annual yield. Hunting is widely practiced to augment the local diet, and game is generally abundant. Each village has its own hunting lands, and permission is required for an outsider to hunt on these lands.
Political Systems: The relative isolation of individual communities remains today. For the most part, small villages are made up of one or two extended families and the spouses who have married into those families. Individual lineages identify with a totemic spirit that is metaphorically embodied in certain animals. Families that might otherwise be unrelated may develop political ties because they both belong the the same spirit. The result of this sort of relationship is a somewhat decentralized power structure that permits the members of each totem group to retain a degree of power.
Religion: The totemic groups mentioned above are of primary importance in Mama religion, for a lineage's membership in a certain group is defined by the group to which their ancestors belonged. Offerings and sacrifices are made to the family ancestors to appease them and to thank them, especially during harvest times. The dancing of bush cow masks is known to be a part of a secret society whose main purpose is to ask the ancestors who are associated with the bush cow for abundance and agricultural fertility. The skulls of ancestors are considered the resting place of their souls. Wooden statues that are carved to represent the dead are placed near the skull of the deceased person. It is believed that the spirit is then able to enter the statue which can be transported into the house where it is involved in the daily lives of the living.