Painter: Redon Odilon - Part 1 (In English y Español)

Oedipus in the Garden of Illusions

Ophelia

Orchids

Oriental Woman


Bertrand-Jean Redon (clic here Wiki), better known as Odilon Redon (April 20, 1840 – July 6, 1916) was a French Symbolist painter, printmaker, draughtsman and pastellist.

Life

Odilon Redon (pronounced o dee lawn r'dawn) was born in Bordeaux, Aquitaine to a prosperous family. The young Bertrand-Jean Redon acquired the nickname "Odilon" from his mother, Odile.^[1] Redon started drawing as a child, and at the age of ten he was awarded a drawing prize at school. Aged fifteen, he began the formal study of drawing, but on the insistence of his father he changed to architecture. His failure to pass the entrance exams at Paris’ École des Beaux-Arts ended any plans for a career as an architect, although he would later study there under Jean-Léon Gérôme.

Back home in his native Bordeaux, he took up sculpture, and Rodolphe Bresdin instructed him in etching and lithography. However, his artistic career was interrupted in 1870 when he joined the army to serve in the Franco-Prussian War.

At the end of the war, he moved to Paris, working almost exclusively in charcoal and lithography. It would not be until 1878 that his work gained any recognition with Guardian Spirit of the Waters, and he published his first album of lithographs, titled Dans le Rêve, in 1879. Still, Redon remained relatively unknown until the appearance in 1884 of a cult novel by Joris-Karl Huysmans titled, À rebours (Against Nature). The story featured a decadent aristocrat who collected Redon's drawings.

In the 1890s, he began to use pastel and oils, which dominated his works for the rest of his life. In 1899, he exhibited with the Nabis at Durand-Ruel's. In 1903 he was awarded the Legion of Honor.^[2] His popularity increased when a catalogue of etchings and lithographs was published by André Mellerio in 1913 and that same year, he was given the largest single representation at the New York Armory Show. In 1923 Mellerio published: Odilon Redon: Peintre Dessinateur et Graveur. An archive of Mellerio's papers is held by the Ryerson & Burnham Libraries at the Art Institute of Chicago.

In 2005 the Museum of Modern Art launched an exhibition entitled "Beyond The Visible", a comprehensive overview of Redon's work showcasing more than 100 paintings, drawings, prints and books from The Ian Woodner Family Collection. The exhibition ran from October 30, 2005 to January 23, 2006. ^[3]

Analysis of his work

The mystery and the evocation of the drawings are described by Huysmans in the following passage:

"Those were the pictures bearing the signature: Odilon Redon. They held, between their gold-edged frames of unpolished pearwood, undreamed-of images: a Merovingian-type head, resting upon a cup; a bearded man, reminiscent both of a Buddhist priest and a public orator, touching an enormous cannon-ball with his finger; a spider with a human face lodged in the centre of its body. Then there were charcoal sketches which delved even deeper into the terrors of fever-ridden dreams. Here, on an enormous die, a melancholy eyelid winked; over there stretched dry and arid landscapes, calcinated plains, heaving and quaking ground, where volcanos erupted into rebellious clouds, under foul and murky skies; sometimes the subjects seemed to have been taken from the nightmarish dreams of science, and hark back to prehistoric times; monstrous flora bloomed on the rocks; everywhere, in among the erratic blocks and glacial mud, were figures whose simian appearance--heavy jawbone, protruding brows, receding forehead, and flattened skull top--recalled the ancestral head, the head of the first Quaternary Period, the head of man when he was still fructivorous and without speech, the contemporary of the mammoth, of the rhinoceros with septate nostrils, and of the giant bear. These drawings defied classification; unheeding, for the most part, of the limitations of painting, they ushered in a very special type of the fantastic, one born of sickness and delirium."^[4]

Redon also describes his work as ambiguous and undefinable:

"My drawings inspire, and are not to be defined. They place us, as does music, in the ambiguous realm of the undetermined."^[5]

Redon's work represent an exploration of his internal feelings and psyche. He himself wanted to "place the visible at the service of the invisible"; thus, although his work seems filled with strange beings and grotesque dichotomies, his aim was to represent pictorially the ghosts of his own mind. A telling source of Redon's inspiration and the forces behind his works can be found in his journal A Soi-même (To Myself). His process was explained best by himself when he said:

"I have often, as an exercise and as a sustenance, painted before an object down to the smallest accidents of its visual appearance; but the day left me sad and with an unsatiated thirst. The next day I let the other source run, that of imagination, through the recollection of the forms and I was then reassured and appeased."

Orpheus

Odilon Redon (clic aquí Wiki) (22 de abril de 1840 – 6 de julio de 1916) fue un pintor simbolista, nacido en Burdeos, Aquitania, Francia. Es considerado un pintor postimpresionista, dentro de la corriente del simbolismo, aunque también se le considera como uno de los primeros precursores del surrealismo.

Biografía

Recibió formación como escultor, así como en grabados y litografías. En 1870 se unió al ejército para servir en la guerra franco-prusiana. Después de la guerra, en París, trabajó casi exclusivamente a carboncillo y litografía. Su primer álbum de litografías fue Dans le Rêve (1879). Mantuvo cierto anonimato hasta que se publicó una novela de culto en 1884, de Joris-Karl Huysmans titulada À rebours (A Contrapelo),^[1] en la que aparece un aristócrata decadente que colecciona dibujos de Redon. Admirador de Poe, su relación con la literatura le llevaría a ilustrar varios libros de su amigo Baudelaire. También mantendría una estrecha relación con científicos como Armand Clavaud (quien le hace estudiar anatomía, osteología y zoología), o Charles Darwin. Todas estas influencias se reflejarían en su trabajo.

En 1884 fue uno de los fundadores del Salón de artistas independientes, para poder exponer con libertad, separadamente del Salón oficial de París.

En los años 1890 empezó a usar el pastel y el óleo, que dominaron sus obras durante el resto de su vida.

Obra

La Obra de Odilon Redon se inicia en curiosa oposición a la corriente impresionista dominante en su época. Mientras los impresionistas experimentan con el color, Redon trabaja en una extraordinaria serie de dibujos y litografías que él mismo llamaría "Los Negros".

Toda mi originalidad consiste en dar vida, de una manera humana, a seres inverosímiles y hacerlos vivir según las leyes de lo verosímil, poniendo, dentro de lo posible, la lógica de lo visible al servicio de lo invisible.

Así, Redon da rienda suelta a su fantasía, entremezclando mitos paganos con materialismo científico, animales imaginarios con maquinaria de la Revolución industrial. En su iconografía poética de lo corriente derivado en extravagante y místico se halla la clave tanto del entusiasmo suscitado por su trabajo en contemporáneos como los Nabis como de su futura consideración como precursor del surrealismo.

Hasta 1890 su trabajo fue casi exclusivamente en blanco y negro, pero poco a poco, y rondando ya los cincuenta años, sus litografías se tornan más luminosas, hasta alcanzar finalmente el color. Es entonces cuando las litografías y dibujos al carbón son sustituidos por acuarelas y óleos. Sus temas siguen siendo los mismos: mitos clásicos, orientales, bíblicos, literarios y científicos adaptados a su particular y un tanto alucinada visión interior.