martes, 7 de mayo de 2013

NASA: Ecuador - Peru - Napo River - Penetrating Tree Cover to See the Forest Floor - 07.05.13




Penetrating Tree Cover to See the Forest Floor
acquired March 17, 2013 download large image (7 MB, JPEG, 8000x4000)

Penetrating Tree Cover to See the Forest Floor
acquired January 8, 2002 download large image (487 KB, JPEG, 1648x818)

Tropical forests and wetlands are some of the most compelling and important areas of study for Earth scientists and ecologists, but they are notoriously hard to penetrate on foot or from the air. “There are vast portions of forest within the Amazon River basin that experience seasonal or semi-permanent flooding, and many of those areas are very remote, with no roads or navigable rivers,” said Bruce Chapman. “Flooding is difficult to reliably detect with optical imagery because the forest canopy obscures the view. Another problem is clouds, especially during the rainy season.”
Chapman and other remote sensing specialists at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory have been working to peek under the blanket of white (clouds) and green (leaves). Their Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) relies on microwaves instead of visible light to make images of the land surface. UAVSAR’s radar waves, which have a wavelength of over 20 centimeters (8 inches), can easily penetrate the tree canopy and the cloud cover. That means researchers can acquire data during any season, rainy or dry.
UAVSAR captured the data for the top image on March 17, 2013, as the instrument was being flown on a NASA Gulfstream C-20A aircraft. The scene shows forested wetlands around the Napo River in Ecuador and Peru at a resolution of 6 meters (20 feet) per pixel. (To see the full resolution, download the large image.) The second image, from the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) on the Landsat 7 satellite, shows roughly the same area in natural color on a rare cloud-free day in 2002. (This resolution of Landsat 7 is 30 meters per pixel.)
In the radar image, yellow, orange, and blue colors indicate areas where vegetation has probably been inundated by flood waters beneath the forest canopy. Green areas are relatively healthy forest vegetation, while the roughness of the texture gives some clues to whether it is tree cover or deforested grassland or swamp. Black indicates the open water of the Napo River and tributaries.
UAVSAR sends L-band microwave energy pulses from the sensor on the aircraft to the ground. “Open water areas are very dark because most of the radar waves bounce off the water and don't return to the radar for us to see it,” Chapman said. Forested areas are bright in radar images because the canopy reflects a lot of radar energy back to the antenna. The inundated forests stand out as very bright because the radar waves are scattering off the water and the tree trunks in a double bounce, and a lot of radar energy is therefore reflected back to the radar. Because there is a double bounce, we can detect this in the polarization of the data.”
The new data from the Napo basin will help investigators such as Kyle McDonald of JPL and the City University of New York as they map wetlands across the Amazon River basin. McDonald and Chapman are also working to calibrate radar data acquired by a synthetic aperture radar instrument on Japan’s Advanced Land Observing Satellite. The Napo data also will be compared with observations made simultaneously on the ground by Chapman’s colleagues from Michigan State University. The researchers are trying to assess the effectiveness of radar for studying wetlands, rivers, and flooding around the world.
“Often the areas that are sometimes or semi-permanently inundated have different vegetation and animal species living there, and ecologists are interested in knowing the extent of these habitats,” Chapman noted. “Changes in wetlands are also indicators of climate change, and inundated wetland areas are known to be sources of methane. NASA would like to better understand all the sources and sinks of carbon.”

  1. References

  2. Alaska Satellite Facility Wetlands. Accessed April 24, 2013.
  3. The City University of New York (2103, April 16) NASA Radar Mapping Mission Blankets the Americas. Accessed April 24, 2013.
  4. Jet Propulsion Laboratory Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar. Accessed April 24, 2013.
  5. Jet Propulsion Laboratory Wetlands: Global Monitoring of Wetland Extent and Dynamics. Accessed April 24, 2013.
  6. Jet Propulsion Laboratory (2103, April 3) NASA Flies Radar South on Wide-Ranging Expedition. Accessed April 24, 2013.
  7. Jet Propulsion Laboratory How Imaging Radar Works. Accessed April 24, 2013.
  8. NASA Know Your Earth 3.0 (2013, April) UAVSAR: About Bruce Chapman. Accessed April 24, 2013.

Radar image by NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology. Landsat image created by Robert Simmon/NASA Earth Observatory, using Landsat data provided by the United States Geological Survey. Caption by Michael Carlowicz.

Instrument: 
Aircraft Sensors - UAVSARS




NASA: Ecuador - Peru - Napo River - Penetrating Tree Cover to See the Forest Floor - 07.05.13








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Mis blogs son una casa abierta a todas las culturas, religiones y países. Se un seguidor si quieres, con esta acción usted está construyendo una nueva cultura de la tolerancia, la mente y el corazón abiertos para la paz, el amor y el respeto humano.

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Painter: Salvador Dali - In historical order - En el orden histórico - 1950-55 - Part 1 - 13 images imagenes - Links


Salvador Dali - Backdrop for 'Don Juan Tenorio', 1950

 
Salvador Dali - Carnation and Cloth of Gold, 1950
 
Salvador Dali - Cork (study for 'The Madonna of Port Lligat'), 1950

 

Salvador Dali - DalH's Moustache, 1950

 
Salvador Dali - Design for the death scene in 'Don Juan Tenorio', 1950

 
Salvador Dali - Erotic Beach, 1950

 
Salvador Dali - Landscape of Port Lligat with Homely Angels and Fisherman, 1950

 
Salvador Dali - Landscape of Port Lligat, 1950

 
Salvador Dali - Mystical Carnation, 1950-51

 
Salvador Dali - Study for a Backdrop, circa 1950

 
Salvador Dali - The Madonna of Port Lligat (detail), 1950

 
Salvador Dali - The Madonna of Port Lligat (second version), 1950






Painter: Salvador Dali - In historical order - En el orden histórico - 1950-55 - Part 1 - 13 images imagenes - Links



1914-20

1925-30


1930-35


1935-40


1940-45


1945-50


Ricardo Marcenaro
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My blogs are an open house to all cultures, religions and countries. Be a follower if you like it, with this action you are building a new culture of tolerance, open mind and heart for peace, love and human respect.

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Mis blogs son una casa abierta a todas las culturas, religiones y países. Se un seguidor si quieres, con esta acción usted está construyendo una nueva cultura de la tolerancia, la mente y el corazón abiertos para la paz, el amor y el respeto humano.

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Poesia: Marosa di Giorgio - Árbol de magnolias... - Bajó una mariposa a un lugar oscuro... - De súbito. estalló la guerra... - Links


 Árbol de magnolias...

Árbol de magnolias,
te conocí el día primero de mi infancia,
a lo lejos te confundes con la abuela, de cerca, eres el aparador
de donde ella sacaba el almíbar y las tazas.
De ti bajaron los ladrones;
Melchor, Gaspar y Baltasar;
de ti bajaban los pastores y los gatos;
los pastores, enamorados como gatos,
los gatos, serios como hombres, con sus bigotes y sus ojos de enamorados
Esclava negra sosteniendo criaturitas, inmóviles, nacaradas.
Virgen María de velo negro,
de velo blanco, allá en el patio.
Eres la abuela, eres mamá, eres Marosa, todo eres, con tu
eterna
juventud, tu vejez eterna,
niña de Comunión, niña de novia,
niña de muerte.
De ti sacaban las estrellas como tazas,
las tazas como estrellas.
Estuvo oculto en tus ramos el Libro del Destino.
Te has quedado lejos, te has ido lejos.
Pero, voy retrocediendo hacia ti,
voy avanzando hacia ti.
Te veré en el cielo.
No puede ser la eternidad sin ti.

De "Los papeles salvajes" 1991


 Bajó una mariposa a un lugar oscuro...

Bajó una mariposa a un lugar oscuro; al parecer, de
hermosos colores; no se distinguía bien. La niña más chica
creyó que era una muñeca rarísima y la pidió; los otros
niños dijeron: -Bajo las alas hay un hombre.
Yo dije: -Sí, su cuerpo parece un hombrecito.
Pero, ellos aclararon que era un hombre de tamaño natural.
Me arrodillé y vi. Era verdad lo que decían los niños. ¿Cómo
cabía un hombre de tamaño normal bajo las alitas?
Llamamos a un vecino. Trajo una pinza. Sacó las alas. Y un
hombre alto se irguió y se marchó.
Y esto que parece casi increíble, luego fue pintado
prodigiosamente en una caja.

De "La liebre de marzo"  1981


De súbito, estalló la guerra. Se abrió como una bomba de azúcar...

De súbito, estalló la guerra. Se abrió como una bomba de azúcar
arriba de las calas. Primero, creíamos que era juego;
después, vimos que la cosa era siniestra. El aire quedó
ligeramente envenenado. Se desprendían los murciélagos
desde sus escondites, sus cuevas ocultas caían a los platos,
como rosas, como ratones que volvieran del infinito,
todavía, con las alas.
Por protegerlos de algún modo, enumerábamos los seres y las cosas:
"Las lechugas, los reptiles comestibles, las tacitas...".
Pero, ya los arados se habían vuelto aviones; cada uno, tenía
calavera y tenía alas, y ronroneaba cerca de las nubes, al alcance
de la manos pasaron los batallones al galope, al paso. Se prolongó
la aurora quieta, y al mediodía, el sol se partió; uno fue hacia el este,
el otro hacia el oeste. Como si el abuelo y la abuela se divorciaran.
De esto ya hace mucho, aquella vez, cuando estalló la guerra,
arriba de las calas.

De "Los papeles salvajes" 1991









Poesia: Marosa di Giorgio - Árbol de magnolias... -  Bajó una mariposa a un lugar oscuro... - De súbito. estalló la guerra... - Links







Ricardo Marcenaro
Sculptures – Esculturas
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Argentina
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My blogs are an open house to all cultures, religions and countries. Be a follower if you like it, with this action you are building a new culture of tolerance, open mind and heart for peace, love and human respect.

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Mis blogs son una casa abierta a todas las culturas, religiones y países. Se un seguidor si quieres, con esta acción usted está construyendo una nueva cultura de la tolerancia, la mente y el corazón abiertos para la paz, el amor y el respeto humano.

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Music: Kazumi Watanabe - Richard Bona - Live in Tokio Jazz 2003 - Da Da - Mo Bop





Da Da
Tokio Jazz - Kazumi Watanabe Richard Bona Horacio Hernandez


Mo' Bop
Richard Bona - Kazumi Watanabe - Live Tokio Jazz 2003






Music: Kazumi Watanabe - Richard Bona - Live in Tokio Jazz 2003 - Da Da - Mo Bop








Ricardo Marcenaro
Sculptures – Esculturas
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Ricardo M Marcenaro - Facebook

Blogs in operation of The Solitary Dog:

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Para:
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Diario La Nación
Argentina
Cuenta Comentarista en el Foro:
Capiscum

My blogs are an open house to all cultures, religions and countries. Be a follower if you like it, with this action you are building a new culture of tolerance, open mind and heart for peace, love and human respect.

Thanks :)

Mis blogs son una casa abierta a todas las culturas, religiones y países. Se un seguidor si quieres, con esta acción usted está construyendo una nueva cultura de la tolerancia, la mente y el corazón abiertos para la paz, el amor y el respeto humano.

Gracias :)














Poetry: Gilbert Keith Chesterton - The Latest School - The Donkey - Elegy In A Country Churchyard - Bio Links


 The Latest School

See the flying French depart
Like the bees of Bonaparte,
Swarming up with a most venomous vitality.
Over Baden and Bavaria,
And Brighton and Bulgaria,
Thus violating Belgian neutrality.

And the injured Prussian may
Not unreasonably say
"Why, it cannot be so small a nationality
Since Brixton and Batavia,
Bolivia and Belgravia,
Are bursting with the Belgian neutrality."

By pure Alliteration
You may trace this curious nation,
And respect this somewhat scattered Principality;
When you see a B in Both
You may take your Bible oath
You are violating Belgian neutrality.


 The Donkey

When forests walked and fishes flew
And figs grew upon thorn,
Some moment when the moon was blood,
Then, surely, I was born.

With monstrous head and sickening bray
And ears like errant wings—
The devil's walking parody
Of all four-footed things:

The battered outlaw of the earth
Of ancient crooked will;
Scourge, beat, deride me—I am dumb—
I keep my secret still.

Fools! For I also had my hour—
One far fierce hour and sweet:
There was a shout around my head
And palms about my feet.


 Elegy In A Country Churchyard

The men that worked for England
They have their graves at home:
And bees and birds of England
About the cross can roam.

But they that fought for England,
Following a falling star,
Alas, alas for England
They have their graves afar.

And they that rule in England,
In stately conclave met,
Alas, alas for England,
They have no graves as yet.






Ricardo Marcenaro
Sculptures – Esculturas
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Ricardo M Marcenaro - Facebook

Blogs in operation of The Solitary Dog:

Solitary Dog Sculptor:
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Para:
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propuestas comerciales:
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For:
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Diario La Nación
Argentina
Cuenta Comentarista en el Foro:
Capiscum

My blogs are an open house to all cultures, religions and countries. Be a follower if you like it, with this action you are building a new culture of tolerance, open mind and heart for peace, love and human respect.

Thanks :)

Mis blogs son una casa abierta a todas las culturas, religiones y países. Se un seguidor si quieres, con esta acción usted está construyendo una nueva cultura de la tolerancia, la mente y el corazón abiertos para la paz, el amor y el respeto humano.

Gracias :)