miércoles, 8 de mayo de 2013

NASA: Russia - Burning Fields in Eastern Russia - 08.05.13




Burning Fields in Eastern Russia
acquired April 29, 2013 download large image (1 MB, JPEG, 3400x4400)
acquired April 29, 2013 download GeoTIFF file (23 MB, TIFF)
acquired April 29, 2013 download Google Earth file (KMZ)


April usually brings a sharp increase in fire activity throughout eastern Russia, as farmers begin to prep their fields for the coming season. This year is no exception.

Numerous fires were burning when the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument on NASA’s Aqua satellite passed over the Amur region near the Selemdzha River. Fields and grasslands appear brown, and red outlines mark the locations of actively burning fires. Two large smoke plumes, as well as a patchwork of darker burns scars, are also visible. Aqua acquired the image on April 29, 2013.

Many of the fires appear to be burning on farmland and were likely started by farmers. The Amur and Selemdzha river valleys are known as some of the most productive agricultural regions in Russia. Farmers in the area usually grow grain and soybeans while raising cattle, pigs, and poultry. Growers often burn debris from the previous year’s crop before replanting in order to clear the land and fertilize the soil.

Russian authorities discourage farmers from burning their fields, but each spring satellites detect large numbers of agricultural fires. Scientists can use satellites to distinguish between agricultural burning and wildfires because agricultural fires tend not to be as bright or as long-lasting.

In one study based on MODIS measurements, scientists tallied the global distribution of agriculture fires and found that between 18 and 29 percent of the fires in central Asia were agricultural in origin. Researchers also found that Russia was responsible for 31 to 36 percent of the world’s agricultural fires—more than any other country.

























NASA: Russia - Burning Fields in Eastern Russia - 08.05.13






Ricardo Marcenaro
Sculptures – Esculturas
http://ricardomarcenaro.ning.com/

Ricardo M Marcenaro - Facebook

Blogs in operation of The Solitary Dog:

Solitary Dog Sculptor:
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Para:
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Diario La Nación
Argentina
Cuenta Comentarista en el Foro:
Capiscum

My blogs are an open house to all cultures, religions and countries. Be a follower if you like it, with this action you are building a new culture of tolerance, open mind and heart for peace, love and human respect.

Thanks :)

Mis blogs son una casa abierta a todas las culturas, religiones y países. Se un seguidor si quieres, con esta acción usted está construyendo una nueva cultura de la tolerancia, la mente y el corazón abiertos para la paz, el amor y el respeto humano.

Gracias :)


Music: Morton Feldman - Piano and String Quartet (1985) - With a complete analysis by Frank Sani - 6 Vids - Links to more MF music









Morton Feldman - Piano and String Quartet (1985)
Part 1-6





Morton Feldman - Piano and String Quartet (1985)
Part 2-6

Why patterns?


An analysis of Morton Feldman's "Piano and string quartet"


by Frank Sani


In discussing his 1978 work Why Patterns? Morton Feldman said:
"The most interesting aspect for me, composing exclusively with patterns, is that there is not one organizational procedure more advantageous than another, perhaps because no one pattern ever takes precedence over the others. The compositional concentration is solely on which pattern should be reiterated and for how long ..."[1]
Such preoccupation with patterns can be seen in other works from Feldman's later output (e.g. Triadic memories, 1981; Palais de Mari, 1986), of which Piano and string quartet (1985) is one.
During our investigation we shall discuss some patterns found in Piano and string quartet (henceforth referred to as PSQ).

A) MELODIC PATTERNS


From the '70s onwards, Feldman began to 'glue' pitches together to form melodies. Such compositional interest manifests itself in PSQ, where we observe five melodies in the 'cello part, as shown in Ex. 1a.
Ex. 1a

If we transposed the second, third, fourth, and fifth melody so that the first note of each matched that of the first melody, we would find that the five melodies are virtually identical - see Ex. 1b. Then we may treat them as one same melody, in spite of the first and last bearing a time signature (9/8) which differs from that of the middle three (3/2).
Ex. 1b

There seems to be no underlying set of rules for such melodic patterns: each note follows the previous one without change in duration, dynamics, mode of attack, and the intervallic structure seems to be shaped by inexplicably subjective choices. What is, if any, the guiding principle of these melodies?
If we transcribed the first of the 'cello melodies to form a chromatic scale as shown in Ex. 1c, we would accept readily that the interval of a minor second, or semitone, is an element of vital importance.
Ex. 1c

It would be tempting to include certain piano figures in the 'melodic patterns' group, namely those shown in Ex. 2.
Ex. 2

Yet are these 'melodies'? 'Broken chords' seems a better definition. Are these patterns? The 'cello pattern consisted of the repetition of the same element (the first melody of Ex. 1a). This element appeared in transpositions and in different time signatures, thus never recurred twice as wholly identical. Yet on the whole, an overall intervallic and durational outline was kept unchanged.
None of these piano figures appear in such groups as to constitute a pattern: whenever there is an identifiable group of such figures, as in bb. 245-251, for instance, this will not reappear except considerably different. So much so, that we are left to ask the question of whether perhaps it were more suitable considering each piano figure as a pattern itself. We could look at the piano figures and try to find repeated elements within each of them: intervals between tones, duration of tones, anything. What we find is that within each piano figure there are different intervals and different durations, as well as different direction of the motion from each tone to the next (upwards/downwards): in short, there are no repeated elements.
Before we set aside these piano figures, we may take a second look at them and observe how most of them offer three notes which could be re-arranged as chromatic scales. This would provide a link to the 'cello pattern of melodies where we saw how important the minor second interval was. Also, there is perhaps another link provided by the piano figures, which transports us to the quartet parts at the opening of the work. There we find a strong semitone structure in the overall chords played by the string quartet. This occurs at bb.1-9 to begin with, and then elsewhere.
What is interesting about these opening quartet chords is not that they are unique in their semitonal structure: it is that the pitches found therein, namely B/C/Db/D, are the very same ones as in most of the piano figures discussed. Seeing how these quartet chords occur several more times through the work, it would be tempting to ask ourselves whether these particular pitches may offer a pattern of some kind.
It will suffice to point out that in spite of the pitch-correspondence we identified, it is obvious that the intervallic structure of the B/C/Db/D group is what matters: the semitone between notes within individual groups is found elsewhere, and we begin to notice how much of PSQ as a whole is based (harmonically speaking) on the interval of a second.
Let us quote Feldman, as he spoke in 1982 at a lecture in Toronto, Canada:
"I've been living with the minor second all my life and I finally found a way to handle it ..."[2]
Looking at other compositions from the 1980s, we notice how PSQ is no isolated instance of Feldman's adoption of the minor second as a pivotal interval. For example, in the 1981 Bass Clarinet and Percussion we notice such trend right from the start of the piece, and persistently throughout the entire work. Similarly, the 1983 String Quartet II opens and ends with four pitches a semitone apart. Yet more evident is the minor second in the opening pages of For Bunita Marcus, written in the same year as PSQ, where only three pitches a semitone apart are used. 


Morton Feldman - Piano and String Quartet (1985)
Part 3-6

B) CHORDAL PATTERNS

Working with the minor second allowed Feldman to construct a sound-world which focussed the attention on the shape of chords, on their density, and on the spacing of tones therein, rather than on their harmonic functionality.
This impressionistic approach becomes evident as we look through the score. Perhaps it is best to look at the two quartet chords at Ex. 3. These are the basis for a chordal pattern that begins at b.519 and carries on uninterrupted until b.806, viz. 287 bars later.
Ex. 3

With the piece ending at b. 810, it is already obvious that this is an important pattern. Also, these two chords occur earlier in the piece, i.e. at bb. 160-1 and 164-5 (in reverse order), then at 201, 458, 479, 483/5, 509-11.
To understand how the chords are changed in shape through their repetitions, look at the thirty-seven permutations at Ex. 4, which concern the second chord from Ex. 3. The list following the permutations gives the bar numbers for every one of them.
Ex. 4

ChordBar nos. ChordBar nos. ChordBar nos.
1160, 161, 164, 165, 201 14564, 580, 590, 788, 798 27644, 728
2458, 565, 566, 578, 579, 588, 594, 784, 790, 799, 800 15567, 577, 591, 787, 801 28648, 724
3479, 483, 485, 509, 510, 511, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524, 530, 533, 538, 543, 550, 551, 552, 555, 587, 791 16568, 569, 571, 574, 575, 596, 597, 600, 602, 603, 775, 776, 778, 781, 782, 803, 804 29649, 651, 653, 655, 658, 660, 662, 664, 670, 672, 676, 678, 680, 697, 699, 700, 701, 704, 707, 709, 711, 713, 716, 718, 719, 721, 723
4477 17570, 601, 777 30650, 652, 654, 656, 657, 659, 661, 663, 665, 666, 668, 669, 673, 674, 675, 677, 694, 695, 696, 698, 702, 703, 706, 708, 710, 712, 714, 715, 717, 720, 722
5487, 561, 583, 589, 789, 795 18575, 573, 576, 595, 598, 599, 779, 780, 783, 802, 805, 806 31679, 705
6525, 534, 537, 547, 548, 549, 558 19604, 615, 623, 637, 735, 749, 753, 763, 773 32682
7526, 531, 539, 544, 545, 546, 559, 585, 592, 786, 793 20605, 614, 627, 639, 647, 725, 745, 751, 764, 774 33683, 685, 687
8527, 535, 541, 554, 557 21606, 613, 622, 636, 642, 730, 736, 750, 765, 772 34684, 686, 688, 689, 690
9528, 532, 540, 556 22607, 621, 626, 635, 646, 726, 737, 746, 757 35691, 692, 693
10529, 536, 542, 553 23608, 620, 630, 638, 643, 729, 734, 742, 758, 770 36733
11560, 584, 586, 792, 794 24610, 618, 629, 632, 640, 732, 740, 743, 755, 760, 768 37752
12562, 582, 593, 785, 796 25611, 617, 624, 633, 645, 727, 739, 748, 761, 767 38771
13563, 581, 797 26612, 616, 628, 631, 741, 744, 756, 762, 766

This impressive display of inversions is typical of Feldman's late pieces. The aforementioned For Bunita Marcus is another exquisite example of such inventiveness. Feldman put it this way:
"Actually I just try to repeat the same chord. I'm reiterating the same chord in inversions."[3]
"... there is a suggestion that what we hear is functional and directional, but we soon realize that this is an illusion ..."[4]
Truly enough, the chords of Ex.3 have an inner tension and an almost cadential feel. Yet after a few reiterations, we realise there is no resolution of discords, no cadence, and ultimately no directionality. During these repetitions time stretches to a different level, and we realise that the music has no past or future, but only a present, which consists of the particular permutation being played at a particular point in time. As Feldman explained, the permutations are "... a conscious attempt at "formalizing" a disorientation of memory."[5]
The intervallic make-up of the Ex.3 chords becomes clearer if we re-write them in a scalic form, thus:
first chord
second chord 
= B/C#/D /E;
= F/Gb/Ab/A.

It is obvious that the interval of a minor second, which we have encountered in the melodic pattern of the 'cello, is present here too, together with the major second. Such interval is observed in another quartet pattern of two chords (Ex.5).
Ex. 5

Re-written in a scalic form, these chords would give us the following:
first chord
second chord 
= G/Ab/A/Bb;
= F/Gb/A/Bb.

These two chords are found at bb. 204, 217, 233, 265, 318, 331, 500-2.
One-chord patterns are also found in the quartet parts. Of these, the most prominent is the one found at bb.122-7, 280-8, 298-306. Its pitches, re-arranged scalically, are as follows:
C/C#/D/Eb.
This one-chord pattern is interesting because it involves pitches all a minor second apart.
Let us now turn back to the chords of Ex.3. These two chords are found also in the piano part, permutated, at bb. 208-9, 319-20, 332-3, 456-7, 507-8 (in reverse order). The only difference with the quartet chords is that instead of being within one bar, the piano ones are spread across two bars, so that there is one chord in each bar. Such two piano chords, then, form a pattern, as they are repeated several times.
Other two-chord patterns can be found in the piano part, as listed in Ex.6.
Ex. 6

There are also one-chord patterns in the piano part, of which the most obvious example is the opening chord at b.1 (Ex.7a), repeated unchanged at bb.3, 5, 7, 9, 11/3/5/7/9, then permutated at bb.21/3/5/7/9 (Ex.7b).
Ex. 7

Afterwards the chord loses its identity as a pattern and is repeated intermittently, for example at b.37 in its original form, then as its first permutation at bb. 47/9, 51/3, 60, after which it is the original chord again at b.72, and then a second permutation (Ex.7c) occurs at bb. 79, 97, followed by its first permutation at b. 107, and by the original chord at bb.115/7. The chord is last seen at bb.443/5/7 (first permutation) and at b.449 (original form).
This chord, in the original and permutated forms, has the highest number of appearances in the piano part, with a percentage of 10%.
By comparison, the most recurring chords of the quartet parts (as given in Ex.3) are repeated much more insistently, with respectively 32% and 33.3% of the total number of bars for the first and second chord.
NB - The piano part 'fills in' between repetitions with its resonances, thanks to the sustaining pedal, so the percentages do not really tell the whole story here.
As far as the intervallic content of the first piano chord is concerned, it is worthwhile taking note that here we find minor and major seconds, once more, as becomes clear by re-writing the chord scalically, thus:
D#/E/F#/G/Ab/Bb. 


Morton Feldman - Piano and String Quartet (1985)
Part 4-6

C) DURATION PATTERNS


"... The reason my music is notated is I wanted to keep control of the silence ... when you hear it, you have no idea rhythmically how complicated that is on paper. It's floating. On paper it looks as though it's rhythm. It's not. It's duration."[6]
Indeed, PSQ is very 'complicated' when it comes to durations. Such complexity derives from Feldman's attitude, in his late works, to keep notated music free and 'floating', rhythmically speaking, as if it were a written transcription of an improvisation. Cage remarked once that Feldman's late works were Feldman playing his early graph pieces.
The 'free-floating' feel of PSQ is achieved, as Feldman said, through a complex and painstaking notation of the intended sound-images. This involves, among other factors, continuous small adjustments of the time-frame, and that is to say, of the time-signatures. It is precisely by looking at the time-signatures themselves that we find how they alternate and repeat to form several patterns, which are listed here:
  1. an alternating minim-beat and quaver-beat, with the number of minim-beats remaining constant and the number of quaver-beats changing (bb.1-9, 370-8, 388-96);
  2. an alternating crotchet-beat and quaver-beat, with the number of crotchet-beats remaining constant and the number of quaver-beats changing (bb.21-30, 39-54, 439-50);
  3. a series of time-signatures repeated inversely, mirror-like (bb.284-8 mirrored first at bb.298-302 and then at bb.334-8; bb.460-3, mirrored at bb.465-8; bb.688-90, mirrored at bb.691-3).
There are also a number of instances where a time-signature will not change, and for a relatively long time, as in the following examples:
bb.523-36, 537-43, 544-53, 558-65, 567-77, 579-648.
Bear in mind that these bar numbers do not take into account repeat bars. For instance the last example, if it included all repeated bars, would actually give ninety-four bars. The string of examples shown above is of further interest when we consider that the longest repetitions of the same time-signature occur in coincidence with the quartet parts' 287-bars-long two-chord pattern - which, as we saw earlier on, starts at b.519.
Notably, the aforementioned 94-bars-long example bears the time-signature of 5/4; such time-signature was found to be used about 23% of the times through the score, and that is more than any other time-signature present therein.
Another duration pattern found in the score is of a visual nature, concerning the notational sphere of PSQ rather than its acoustic one. If we look at the first page of the score, for instance, we see how a 'notated' bar alternates with an 'empty' one regularly: this creates a visual pattern of full and empty bars, which in a way is detached from the acoustic reality of the music - if anything because in performance the 'empty' bars would contain sound from the piano's resonances.
Feldman gives confirmation when he says that
"Though these patterns exist in rhythmic shapes articulated by instrumental sounds, they are also in part notational images that do not make a direct impact on the ear as we listen."[7]
We know that PSQ was no isolated instance of the visual use of alternating notated and empty bars. It will suffice to take a look at the 1986 piano piece Palais de Mari to notice how there too there is a visual use of 'black' and 'white' bars in alternation.
It is impossible not to mention Turkish rugs when writing about Feldman's late music, and especially with regard to the visual aspect of his scores. At Ex.8 and Ex.9 we have a visual rendition of the whole piece, with the first and second of these examples taking into consideration the outlook of the piano and quartet parts respectively.
Ex. 8aEx. 8bEx. 8c
Ex. 8dEx. 8e

Ex. 9aEx. 9bEx. 9c
Ex. 9dEx. 9e

Just by looking at these examples, we can begin to see how the 'weaving' of the durational layer of PSQ seems to follow the alternating squares on rugs of Turkish origin. Interesting also, is the similarity between the look of the piano part and of the quartet part up until b.122: thenceforth, there is a discordance between the parts, which begin to show individual patterns of 'black' and 'white' measures. Such disagreement becomes dramatic - at least visually - between b.519 and the end of the piece: while the piano presents the usual alternation of 'black' and 'white' bars, as well as strings of 'white' bars only, the string quartet presents a total predominance of 'black' measures, due to the uninterrupted 287-bar two-chord pattern. 


Morton Feldman - Piano and String Quartet (1985)
Part 5-6

D) Conclusion

We have observed hitherto what patterns are present in PSQ, and of these which are interval patterns and which are duration patterns. Let it be clear though, that approaching late Feldman is always a risky enterprise, for in spite of the recurring chords and motifs the music before us will not yield to conventional analysis. The question 'Why patterns?' remains unanswered: the opening quote in the present discussion does not reveal, for instance, why the quartet chords of Ex.3 are given a 287-bars pattern where other chords are not.
We assume it is for no reason at all, for we must acknowledge Feldman's lack of interest in pitches per se, as he told one of his pupils:
"Timbre and range are the same problem, and both are more important than pitches. When one knows exactly the sound he wants, there are only a few notes in any instrument that will suffice. Choosing actual pitches then becomes almost like editing, filling in detail, finishing things off."[8]
Explaining the patterns as we did, focussing away from pitch-theories, would still leave room for other alternative approaches to PSQ. Until then, Feldman holds the key to the modus componendi of this piece.

Notes


  1. Morton Feldman, Essays, ed. W. Zimmermann (Cologne, 1985), p129.
  2. Excerpt of lecture transcript reproduced here by kind permission of the author, Linda Catlin Smith.
  3. Morton Feldman, Essays, ed. W. Zimmermann (Cologne, 1985), p230.
  4. Ibid., p127.
  5. Ibid., p127.
  6. Ibid., p232.
  7. Ibid., p132.
  8. Tom Johnson, 'Remembrance', MusikTexte, no.22 (December 1987).

Bibliography


  • Bryn Harrison, 'The Auditive Memory and its function in the late works of Morton Feldman', Morton Feldman Page, mfbrynh.htm (May 2000).
  • John Tilbury, 'On Playing Feldman', Morton Feldman Page, mftilb.htm (May 2000).
  • Tom Johnson, 'Remembrance', MusikTexte, no.22 (December 1987).
  • Jan Williams, 'An interview with Morton Feldman', Percussive Notes, (September 1983), pp. 4-14.
  • Molly and Paul Paccione, 'Did Modernism fail Morton Feldman?', ex tempore: A Journal of Compositional and Theoretical Research in Music, vol. 6 no.1 (Fall 1992), pp. 13-21.
  • 'Morton Feldman in conversation with Thomas Moore', Sonus, vol.4 no.2 (Spring 1984).
  • Edward Fox, 'Annihilated Angel', The Wire, issue 134 (April 1995).
  • Howard Slater, 'The most important flaw', Resonance, vol. 7 no. 1 (December 1998).
  • Morton Feldman, 'Between categories', Contemporary Music Review, vol. 2 (1988), pp. 1-5.
  • Catherine Costello Hirata, 'The sounds of the sounds themselves - analyzing the early music of Morton Feldman', Perspectives of New Music, vol. 34 no.1 (Winter 1996), pp. 6-27.
  • James Saunders, 'Finding time, finding space', New Music, 1999.
  • 'H.C.E. (Here Comes Everybody): Morton Feldman in conversation with Peter Gena', A John Cage reader, ed. Gena & Brent (New York, 1982), pp. 51-73.
  • Morton Feldman, Essays, ed. W. Zimmermann (Cologne, 1985).

Discography


  • Morton Feldman, Piano and String Quartet, Kronos Quartet. ELEKTRA NONESUCH 7559-79320-2 (1993).

© Frank Sani 2000 




Morton Feldman - Piano and String Quartet (1985)
Part 6-6


Music: Morton Feldman - Piano and String Quartet (1985) - With a complete analysis by Frank Sani - 6 Vids - Links to more MF music




Ricardo Marcenaro
Sculptures – Esculturas
http://ricardomarcenaro.ning.com/

Ricardo M Marcenaro - Facebook

Blogs in operation of The Solitary Dog:

Solitary Dog Sculptor:
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Para:
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enviar materiales para publicar,
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Diario La Nación
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Cuenta Comentarista en el Foro:
Capiscum

My blogs are an open house to all cultures, religions and countries. Be a follower if you like it, with this action you are building a new culture of tolerance, open mind and heart for peace, love and human respect.

Thanks :)

Mis blogs son una casa abierta a todas las culturas, religiones y países. Se un seguidor si quieres, con esta acción usted está construyendo una nueva cultura de la tolerancia, la mente y el corazón abiertos para la paz, el amor y el respeto humano.

Gracias :)


Poesia: Carlos Drummond de Andrade - Mimosa boca errante - A língua francesa - Sugar e ser sugado pelo amor - Bio link


 Mimosa boca errante

Mimosa boca errante
à superfície até achar o ponto
em que te apraz colher o fruto em fogo
que não será comido mas fruído
até se lhe esgotar o sumo cálido
e ele deixar-te, ou o deixares, flácido,
mas rorejando a baba de delícias
que fruto e boca se permitem, dádiva.

Boca mimosa e sábia,
impaciente de sugar e clausurar
inteiro, em ti, o talo rígido
mas varado de gozo ao confinar-se
no limitado espaço que ofereces
a seu volume e jato apaixonados,
como podes tornar-te, assim aberta,
recurvo céu infindo e sepultura?

Mimosa boca e santa,
que devagar vais desfolhando a líquida
espuma do prazer em rito mudo,
lenta-lembente-lambilusamente
ligada à forma ereta qual se fossem
a boca o próprio fruto, e o fruto a boca,
oh chega, chega, chega de beber-me,
de matar-te, e, na morte, de viver-me.
Já sei a eternidade: é puro orgasmo.


A língua francesa

A língua francesa
desvenda o que resta
(a fina agudeza)
da noite em floresta.
Mas sem esquecer,
num lance caprídeo,
de ler e tresler
a arte de Ovídio.


A outra porta do prazer

A outra porta do prazer,
porta a que se bate suavemente,
seu convite é um prazer ferido a fogo
e, com isso, muito mais prazer.
Amor não é completo se não sabe
coisas que só amor pode inventar.
Procura o estreio átrio do cubículo
aonde não chega a luz, e chega o ardor
de insofrida, mordente
fome de conhecimento pelo gozo.


Sugar e ser sugado pelo amor

Sugar e ser sugado pelo amor
no mesmo instante boca milvalente
o corpo dois em um gozo pleno
que não pertence a mim nem te pertence
um gozo de fusão difusa transfusão
o lamber o chupar o ser chupado
no mesmo espasmo
é tudo boca boca boca boca
sessenta e nove vezes boquilíngua.





Poesia: Carlos Drummond de Andrade -  Mimosa boca errante - A língua francesa - Sugar e ser sugado pelo amor - Bio link




Portugues:

 




Ricardo Marcenaro
Sculptures – Esculturas
http://ricardomarcenaro.ning.com/

Ricardo M Marcenaro - Facebook

Blogs in operation of The Solitary Dog:

Solitary Dog Sculptor:
http://byricardomarcenaro.blogspot.com

Solitary Dog Sculptor I:
http://byricardomarcenaroi.blogspot.com

Para:
comunicarse conmigo,
enviar materiales para publicar,
propuestas comerciales:
marcenaroescultor@gmail.com

For:
contact me,
submit materials for publication,
commercial proposals:
marcenaroescultor@gmail.com

Diario La Nación
Argentina
Cuenta Comentarista en el Foro:
Capiscum

My blogs are an open house to all cultures, religions and countries. Be a follower if you like it, with this action you are building a new culture of tolerance, open mind and heart for peace, love and human respect.

Thanks :)

Mis blogs son una casa abierta a todas las culturas, religiones y países. Se un seguidor si quieres, con esta acción usted está construyendo una nueva cultura de la tolerancia, la mente y el corazón abiertos para la paz, el amor y el respeto humano.

Gracias :)


Filosofia: Cioran - El Inconveniente de Haber Nacido - Parte 17 - (De l'inconvenient d'etre ne - 1973) - Links a las partes antecedidas


 «Aquel que tiene inclinaciones hacia la lujuria es compasivo y misericordioso; los que tienen inclinación hacia la pureza no lo son.» (San Juan Clímaco.)
 Para denunciar con tal claridad y vigor, no las mentiras, sino la esencia misma de la moral cristiana, y de cualquier moral, era menester un santo, ni más ni menos.

     *

 Aceptamos sin temor la idea de un sueño ininterrumpido; en cambio un despertar eterno (la inmortalidad, si fuera concebible, sería eso), nos une en el terror.
 La inconsciencia es una patria; la conciencia, un exilio.

     *

 Cualquier impresión profunda es voluptuosa o fúnebre, o ambos o a la vez.

     *

 Nadie como yo ha estado persuadido de la futilidad de todo, nadie tampoco ha tomado tan a lo trágico tal cantidad de cosas fútiles.

     *

 Ishi, indio americano, el último de su clan, después de permanecer escondido durante años por temor a los blancos, acosado al extremo, se entregó un día voluntariamente a los exterminadores de los suyos. Creyó que le reservarían la misma suerte. Se le festejó. No tenía posteridad, era en verdad el último.
 Una vez destruida la humanidad, o simplemente extinguida, es posible imaginar un sobreviviente, el único, errando por la tierra sin siquiera tener a quién entregarse...

     *

 En lo más íntimo de sí mismo el hombre aspira a alcanzar la condición que tenía antes de la conciencia. La historia es sólo el rodeo que da para conseguirlo.

     *

 Una sola cosa importa: aprender a ser perdedor.

     *

 Todo fenómeno es una versión degradada de otro fenómeno más vasto: el tiempo, una tara de la eternidad; la historia, una tara del tiempo; la vida, tara de la materia.
 ¿Qué sería entonces lo normal, lo sano? ¿Acaso la eternidad? Ella misma no es más que una tara de Dios.


 VIII


 Sin la idea de un universo fracasado, el espectáculo de la injusticia bajo todos lo regímenes llevaría, incluso a un abúlico, a la camisa de fuerza.

     *

 Aniquilar da un sentimiento de poder y halaga algo oscuro, original, en nosotros. No es construyendo sino pulverizando como podemos adivinar las satisfacciones secretas de un dios. De ahí el atractivo por la destrucción y las ilusiones que suscita en los frenéticos de cualquier edad.

     *

 Cada generación vive en el absoluto: se comporta como si hubiese llegado a la cima, o al fin, de la historia.

     *

 Cualquier pueblo, en determinado momento de su carrera, se cree elegido. Entonces es cuando da lo mejor y lo peor de sí mismo.

     *
 No es fruto del azar que la Trapa haya nacido en Francia, y no en Italia o en España. Los españoles y los italianos hablan sin parar, ya se sabe, pero no se escuchan hablar, mientras que el francés saborea su elocuencia, nunca olvida de que está hablando, siempre está consciente de ello. Sólo él podía considerar el silencio como una prueba y una ascesis.

     *

 Lo que me disgusta de la Revolución Francesa es que todo ocurre sobre un escenario: sus promotores son actores natos, la guillotina no es más que un decorado. En su conjunto, la historia de Francia parece una historia por encargo, una historia escenificada: todo en ella es perfecto desde el punto de vista teatral. Es una representación, un conjunto de gestos, de acontecimientos que, más que experimentarse, se miran: un espectáculo de diez siglos. De ahí la impresión de frivolidad que, visto de lejos, da también el período del Terror.

     *

 Las sociedades prósperas son mucho más frágiles que las otras ya que no les queda sino esperar su propia ruina, pues el bienestar no es un ideal cuando se le posee, y mucho menos cuando está ahí desde generaciones atrás. Sin olvidar que la Naturaleza no lo ha incluido en sus cálculos, y que no podría hacerlo sin perecer.

     *

 Si las naciones se tornaran apáticas al mismo tiempo, no habría más conflictos, más guerras, más imperios. Pero la desgracia quiere que haya pueblos jóvenes, y gente joven, obstáculo mayor a los sueños de los filántropos que con hacer de modo que todos los hombres alcancen el mismo grado de lasitud y de aborregamiento...

     *

 Uno debe ponerse del lado de los oprimidos en cualquier circunstancia, incluso cuando están equivocados, sin perder de vista, no obstante, que están hechos del mismo barro que sus opresores.

     *

 Lo propio de los regímenes en agonía es permitir una mezcla confusa de creencias y de doctrinas, y crear, al mismo tiempo, la ilusión de que se podrá retrasar indefinidamente la hora de la elección...
 De ahí, y únicamente de ahí, deriva el encanto de los períodos prerrevolucionarios.

     *

 Sólo los falsos valores están en curso, pues todo el mundo puede asimilarlos, deformarlos (lo falso en segundo grado). Una idea que tiene éxito es necesariamente una pseudoidea.

     *

 Las revoluciones son lo sublime de la mala literatura.

     *

 Lo molesto en las desgracias públicas, es que cualquiera se estima competente para hablar de ellas.

     *

 El derecho de suprimir a todos los que nos fastidian debería figurar en primer término de la Constitución de la Ciudad Ideal.

     *

 Lo único que debería enseñársele a los jóvenes es que no hay nada; o casi nada, que esperar de la vida. Pienso en un Cuadro de Desengaños colocado en las escuelas y en el que estarían representadas todas las decepciones reservadas a cada cual.

     *

 Según la princesa palatina, Mme. de Maintenon tenía costumbre de repetir durante los años en que, muerto el rey, ya no tenía ningún papel: «Desde hace tiempo reina un espíritu de vértigo que se extiende por todas partes».
 Ese «espíritu de vértigo» es lo que siempre han sentido los perdedores, con justeza por otra parte, y se podría reconsiderar toda la historia a partir de esta fórmula.

     *

 El progreso es la injusticia que cada generación comete con respecto a la que le precede.

     *

 Los hartos se odian a sí mismos, y no secretamente sino en público, y desean ser barridos de una u otra forma. En todo caso, prefieren que sea con su propia ayuda. Ese es el aspecto más curioso, más original de una situación revolucionaria.




Filosofia: Cioran - El Inconveniente de Haber Nacido - Parte 17 - (De l'inconvenient d'etre ne - 1973) - Links a las partes antecedidas




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